2,512 research outputs found
Charged particle dynamics in the presence of non-Gaussian L\'evy electrostatic fluctuations
Full orbit dynamics of charged particles in a -dimensional helical
magnetic field in the presence of -stable L\'evy electrostatic
fluctuations and linear friction modeling collisional Coulomb drag is studied
via Monte Carlo numerical simulations. The L\'evy fluctuations are introduced
to model the effect of non-local transport due to fractional diffusion in
velocity space resulting from intermittent electrostatic turbulence. The
probability distribution functions of energy, particle displacements, and
Larmor radii are computed and showed to exhibit a transition from exponential
decay, in the case of Gaussian fluctuations, to power law decay in the case of
L\'evy fluctuations. The absolute value of the power law decay exponents are
linearly proportional to the L\'evy index . The observed anomalous
non-Gaussian statistics of the particles' Larmor radii (resulting from outlier
transport events) indicate that, when electrostatic turbulent fluctuations
exhibit non-Gaussian L\'evy statistics, gyro-averaging and guiding centre
approximations might face limitations and full particle orbit effects should be
taken into account.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted as a letter in Physics of Plasma
Cross correlation surveys with the Square Kilometre Array
By the time that the first phase of the Square Kilometre Array is deployed it
will be able to perform state of the art Large Scale Structure (LSS) as well as
Weak Gravitational Lensing (WGL) measurements of the distribution of matter in
the Universe. In this chapter we concentrate on the synergies that result from
cross-correlating these different SKA data products as well as external
correlation with the weak lensing measurements available from CMB missions. We
show that the Dark Energy figures of merit obtained individually from WGL/LSS
measurements and their independent combination is significantly increased when
their full cross-correlations are taken into account. This is due to the
increased knowledge of galaxy bias as a function of redshift as well as the
extra information from the different cosmological dependences of the
cross-correlations. We show that the cross-correlation between a spectroscopic
LSS sample and a weak lensing sample with photometric redshifts can calibrate
these same photometric redshifts, and their scatter, to high accuracy by
modelling them as nuisance parameters and fitting them simultaneously
cosmology. Finally we show that Modified Gravity parameters are greatly
constrained by this cross-correlations because weak lensing and redshift space
distortions (from the LSS survey) break strong degeneracies in common
parameterisations of modified gravity.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. This article is part of the 'Cosmology Chapter,
Advancing Astrophysics with the SKA (AASKA14) Conference, Giardini Naxos
(Italy), June 9th-13th 2014
Cross-section and polarization of neutrino-produced 's made simple
Practical formulae are derived for the cross-section and polarization of the
lepton produced in deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering in the
frame of the simple quark-parton model.Comment: 10 pages, no figure
Optimal target search on a fast folding polymer chain with volume exchange
We study the search process of a target on a rapidly folding polymer (`DNA')
by an ensemble of particles (`proteins'), whose search combines 1D diffusion
along the chain, Levy type diffusion mediated by chain looping, and volume
exchange. A rich behavior of the search process is obtained with respect to the
physical parameters, in particular, for the optimal search.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, REVTe
A theory of non-local linear drift wave transport
Transport events in turbulent tokamak plasmas often exhibit non-local or
non-diffusive action at a distance features that so far have eluded a
conclusive theoretical description. In this paper a theory of non-local
transport is investigated through a Fokker-Planck equation with fractional
velocity derivatives. A dispersion relation for density gradient driven linear
drift modes is derived including the effects of the fractional velocity
derivative in the Fokker-Planck equation. It is found that a small deviation (a
few percent) from the Maxwellian distribution function alters the dispersion
relation such that the growth rates are substantially increased and thereby may
cause enhanced levels of transport.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures. Manuscript submitted to Physics of Plasma
A Fractional Fokker-Planck Model for Anomalous Diffusion
In this paper we present a study of anomalous diffusion using a Fokker-Planck
description with fractional velocity derivatives. The distribution functions
are found using numerical means for varying degree of fractionality observing
the transition from a Gaussian distribution to a L\'evy distribution. The
statistical properties of the distribution functions are assessed by a
generalized expectation measure and entropy in terms of Tsallis statistical
mechanics. We find that the ratio of the generalized entropy and expectation is
increasing with decreasing fractionality towards the well known so-called
sub-diffusive domain, indicating a self-organising behavior.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figure
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Toward mixed-element meshing based on restricted Voronoi diagrams
In this paper we propose a method to generate mixed-element meshes (tetrahedra, triangular prisms, square pyramids) for B-Rep models. The vertices, edges, facets, and cells of the final volumetric mesh are determined from the combinatorial analysis of the intersections between the model components and the Voronoi diagram of sites distributed to sample the model. Inside the volumetric regions, Delaunay tetrahedra dual of the Voronoi diagram are built. Where the intersections of the Voronoi cells with the model surfaces have a unique connected component, tetrahedra are modified to fit the input triangulated surfaces. Where these intersections are more complicated, a correspondence between the elements of the Voronoi diagram and the elements of the mixedelement mesh is used to build the final volumetric mesh. The method which was motivated by meshing challenges encountered in geological modeling is demonstrated on several 3D synthetic models of subsurface rock volumes
Central limit theorem for anomalous scaling due to correlations
We derive a central limit theorem for the probability distribution of the sum
of many critically correlated random variables. The theorem characterizes a
variety of different processes sharing the same asymptotic form of anomalous
scaling and is based on a correspondence with the L\'evy-Gnedenko uncorrelated
case. In particular, correlated anomalous diffusion is mapped onto L\'evy
diffusion. Under suitable assumptions, the nonstandard multiplicative structure
used for constructing the characteristic function of the total sum allows us to
determine correlations of partial sums exclusively on the basis of the global
anomalous scaling.Comment: The content of this manuscript was presented at the 3rd International
Conference "Next Sigma-Phi", Kolymbari - Greece, 13-18 August 200
Diamagnetic orbital response of mesoscopic silver rings
We report measurements of the flux-dependent orbital magnetic susceptibility
of an ensemble of 10^5 disconnected silver rings at 217 MHz. Because of the
strong spin-orbit scattering rate in silver this experiment is a test of
existing theories on orbital magnetism. Below 100 mK the rings exhibit a
magnetic signal with a flux periodicity of h/2 e consistent with averaged
persistent currents, whose amplitude is estimated to be of the order of 0.3 nA.
The sign of the oscillations indicates diamagnetism in the vicinity of zero
magnetic field. This sign is not consistent with theoretical predictions for
average persistent currents unless considering attractive interactions in
silver. We propose an alternative interpretation taking into account spin orbit
scattering and finite frequency.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, revtex4, accepted for publication in Physical
Review Letter
Fostering collective intelligence education
New educational models are necessary to update learning environments to the digitally shared communication and information. Collective intelligence is an emerging field that already has a significant impact in many areas and will have great implications in education, not only from the side of new methodologies but also as a challenge for education. This paper proposes an approach to a collective intelligence model of teaching using Internet to combine two strategies: idea management and real time assessment in the class. A digital tool named Fabricius has been created supporting these two elements to foster the collaboration and engagement of students in the learning process. As a result of the research we propose a list of KPI trying to measure individual and collective performance. We are conscious that this is just a first approach to define which aspects of a class following a course can be qualified and quantified.Postprint (published version
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